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Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), as the most important methylase of N6-methyladenine (m6A),plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer by influencing various regulatory mechanisms, such as methylation level, mRNA stability of cancer-related genes, oncogene expression and cancer cell signaling pathways. This paper reviews the regulatory mechanism of METTL3 in breast cancer and summarizes the latest research progress of METTL3 in the development and progression of breast cancer.
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Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a special subtype of breast cancer. The accurate diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma of the breast is still controversial due to the subjectivity of histopathological criteria and the lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers for reliable classification of this subtype of breast cancer. This article reviews the research progress of apocrine carcinoma of the breast.
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OBJECTIVE：To e stablish and compare HPLC fingerprints of green Forsythia suspensa and grown F. suspensa ，and to conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Hypersil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ formic acid （gradient elution ）. The detection wavelength was 235 nm and column temperature was 25 ℃ with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The sample size was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprints of 8 batches of green F. suspensa （Q1-Q8）and 6 batches of grown F. suspensa （L1-L6）were drawn ，with phillyrin as reference；the similarity evaluation was conducted by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition），and common peak was confirmed. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were carried out with SPSS 23.0 software. RESULTS ：There were 19 common peaks for green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa ，among which 6 peaks were identified，i.e. forsythoside A ，rutin，pinoresinol-β-D-glucoside，phillyrin，quercetin and phillygenin ；the similarities of HPLC fingerprints from green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa were 0.351-0.767；results of cluster analysis showed that green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa were classified into 4 categories，among which L 1-L6 were clustered into one category ，Q1 was clustered into one category ，Q2-Q6 were clustered into one category ；Q7-Q8 were clustered into one category. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three principal components was 83.14％， L1-L6 distribution was close ，Q2-Q6 distribution was close ，Q7-Q8 distribution was close ，and Q 1 distribution was independent ， which was consistent with the results of cluster analysis. CONCLUSIONS ：There were significant differences in the common peaks of fingerprint of green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa of similarity eraluation ，cluster analysis and principle component analysis，the established HPLC fingerprint can be used for comprehensive evaluation and quality comparison of green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa .
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Objective To investigate the optimum compatibility of ropivacaine and sufentanil for isobaric spinal anesthesia in caesarean section.Methods A total of 160 nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus,of American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective caesarean section under subarachnoid block,were divided into 4 groups (n =40 each) using a random number table method:1％ ropivacaine 1.5 ml (15 mg)-normal saline 3.5 ml group (group A),1％ ropivacaine 1.2 ml (12 mg)-sufentanil 0.5 mi (5 μg)-normal saline 3.3 ml group (group B),1％ ropivacaine 1 ml (10 mg)-sufentanil 0.5 ml (5 μg)-normal saline 3.5 ml group (group C),and 1％ ropivacaine 0.8 ml (8 mg)-sufentanil 0.5 ml (5 μg)-normal saline 3.7 ml group (group D).Drugs were injected in cephalad direction at a rate of 0.1 ml/s.The upper spread of sensory block,degree of motor block,abdominal muscle tension,traction response,requirement for atropine and ephedrine and neonatal Apgar scores were recorded.Results Neonatal Apgar scores were all within the normal range.A,B and C groups had similar upper spread of sensory block which was higher than that in group D.The onset time of block was significantly prolonged,and the requirement for atropine and ephedrine was increased in group A as compared with B,C and D groups (P＜0.05).The degree of intraoperative pain,abdominal muscle tension and traction response was significantly lower in A,B and C groups than in group D (P＜0.05),however,there was no significant difference among A,B and C groups (P＞0.05).The requirement for supplemented epidural local anesthetics was 30％ (12 cases) in group D.The recovery time to ambulation was significantly shorter in C and D groups than in A and B groups (P＜0.05).The duration of spinal anesthesia was significantly longer in B and C groups than in A and D groups (P＜0.05),however,there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P＞0.05).Conclusion One percent ropivacaine 1 ml (10 mg)-sufentanil 0.5 ml (5 μg)-normal saline 3.5 ml is the optimum compatibility of ropivacaine and sufentanil for isobaric spinal anesthesia in caesarean section.
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To observe and analyze the effect of CT-guided drug injection around the nerve root in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation the 140 patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation in our hospital, were selected as the study subjects for CT-guided drug injection around the nerve root and treatment efficacy was observed. According to the modified Mac Nab criteria, there were 80 cases, 50 cases, 6 cases of excellent and good rate at 92.86%; the patients whose onset time was less than three months and more than three months were compared in terms of VAS scores before and after surgery. The result showed that the postoperative pain score was significantly lower in patients whose onset time was less than three months compared to those whose onset time was more than three months, P<0.05; observation of patients' quality of life before and after treatment shows great improvement in quality of life after treatment, P<0.05. the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with CT-guided drug injection around the nerve root can achieve relatively good results with significantly improved therapeutic effect and grear application value
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Objective To build the lentiviral vectors of pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF) gene,and investigate their expression in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs).Methods The PEDF lentiviral vectors (LV-PEDF) were built by DNA recombination and confirmed by DNA sequencing.hUCMSCs were transfected by LV-PEDF with MOI 10,30,50,respectively.The transfection efficiency was observed under fluorescence microscope.Cell immunofluorescence,immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR methods were used for detecting the expression of PEDF and VEGF.Results The PEDF cDNA was sub-cloned into pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF 1-copGFP vector successfully.DNA sequencing analysis confirmed that PEDF gene sequence was exactly the same with that reported in GenBank.pCDH-PEDF infected cells could show green fluorescence under fluorescence microscope.The transfection efficiency was 72.1％ in PEDF-MSCs.Immunofluorescence and immunochemical staining confirmed that PEDF protein was overexpressed in hUCMSCs.The relative expression of PEDF mRNA in experimental group and control group was (0.170±0.028) and (0.015 ± 0.007) respectively by RT-PCR,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.00 1).The relative expression levels of VEGF mRNA in the two groups were (0.265 ± 0.022) and (0.285 ± 0.049),respectively,with no significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusions We successfully built a lentivius vector carrying PEDF gene and obtained hUCMSCs with overexpressed PEDF.
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Objective To investigate the bcl?2 gene modification on neurological function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury in neural stem cell transplantation. Methods Cultured rat neural stem cells by Ad?EGFP as vector?mediated side B?cell lymphoma 2 gene ( bcl?2 ) gene transfection of neural stem cells were divided into 3 groups: control group, negative transfection group, bcl?2 transfection group. Use western?blot to detect the expression of bcl?2 protein in neural stem cells before and after transfection. 85 adult female SD rats, successful model 72, were randomly divided into control group, NSCs group, bcl?2?NSCs groups, 24/group, rat acute spinal cord injury model in accordance with a modified Allen’ s method. Assess the motor function by BBB rating and the swash plate test. 7 days after modeling by RT?PCR and Western blot detection of spinal cord injury around HSP27, c?fos gene expression, TUNEL assay apoptosis. Four weeks after model drawn line HE staining and fluorescence microscopy EGFP?labeled NSC survival and distribution of the rats neurophysiological recovery by SEP and MEP. Results bcl?2 gene transfection of rat neural stem cells, bcl?2 transfection group and control group, negative transfection group compared to bcl?2 mRNA and protein levels were expressed ( P NSCs group > control group, and between the groups was significant difference ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusions By Ad?EGFP as vector?mediated side B?cell lymphoma 2 gene (bcl?2) gene transfection make neural stem cells can promote cultured rat neural stem cells. bcl?2 gene?modified neural stem cell transplantation can promote the regeneration of spinal cord injury synaptic elevated HSP27 expression after spinal cord injury, reduced expression and neural cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury bcl?2 gene and improve limb movement in rats function and electrophysiological function.
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Background Retina fixed flat-mount perfused by Evans blue (EB) is a common method for the evaluation of blood-retinal barrier (BRB).However,previous method is inconvenient for some laboratories because the retinal specimen can not be observed by gereral microscope rather than confocal laser scanning microscope after the fixation.Objective This study was to modify the preparing way of flat-mounted retina in order to obtain transparent specimen for the observation of rat retinal vessels and the evaluation of leakage under the ordinary fluorescence microscope.Methods Forty male SD rats were divided into the control group,diabetes mellitus (DM) 1-month group,DM 3-month group and DM 6-month group according to the random number table.Streptozotocinum (STZ) of 2％ dissolved in 0.05 mmol/L sodium citrate-hydrochloric acid buffer was intraperitoneally injected in SD rats to establish DM models,and the equal volume of solvent was injected in the same way in the control rats.One month,three months and six months after injection,EB of 30 g/L was injected via rat femoral vein in the dose of 45 mg/kg.Fifteen minutes after injection of EB,the rats were sacrificed and the retinas were isolated and cut radially to prepare the flat-mounted retinas in PBS immediately and then were dried till the specimens were transparent.The specimens were examined under the fluorescence microscope.The percentage of EB leakage was quantitatively calculated by IPP 6.0 software.All procedures were performed following approval of the institutional animal care and use committee of Tianjin Medical University.Results The retina morphology was normal in the control group,and EB filled the vessels,exhibiting the red fluorescence under the fluorescence microscope.Compared with the control group,retinal background fluorescence was enhanced slightly in the DM 1-month group,and focal leakage of the EB from capillaries and focal dilated vessels were found in the DM 3-month group,further,vascular caliber inequality,retinal hypoperfusion area and a larger number of hyperfluorescence areas were seen in the DM 6-month group.The percentage of leakage area was (0.05 ±0.02) ％,(0.27 ±0.06) ％,(1.17 ±0.18)％ and (4.77 ±0.66)％ in the control group,DM 1-month group,DM 3-month group and DM 6-month group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the four groups (F =795.800,P＜0.001),and the leakage area was obviously larger in the DM 3-month group and DM 6-month group than that in thecontrol group (q'=10.338,q'=43.475,both at P＜0.001).Conclusions Modified EB-perfused retinal wholemount method is easy and helpful for clear visualization of retinal vessel leakage induced by BRB breakdown in the diabetic rats under the common fluorescence microscope.
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Objective To observe the effects of short-term withdrawal of thyroxine on lipid level and the protective effect of atorvastatin.Methods The study included 60 rabbits which were randomly divided into treatment experiment group 1 (near-total thyroidectomy + 131 I ablative therapy),treatment experiment group 2 (near-total thyroidectomy + 131I ablative therapy + Atorvastatin intervention) and control group(sham thyroidectomy).Compared the thyroid functions and lipid levels among different groups at the points of before surgery.three weeks after surgery and five weeks after surgery.Results (1) Compared to before surgery,the thyroid function at the points of three weeks and five weeks after surgery were obvious reduced both in treatment group.(2) The leves of TG,TC,LDL-C in EG1 were increased gradually with the extension of time after surgery.Compared with the point of before surgery,the level of HDL-C at the point of five weeks after surgery was significantly declined in EG1.Compared with the point of before surgery,the level of TG at the ponts of three weeks and five weeks after surgery was significantly declined in EG2.Compared with the point of before surgery,the level of LDL-C at the point of three weeks after surgery was significantly declined in EG2.Conclusions (1) Short-term hypothyroidism can increase the levels of TG,TC,LDL-C in plasma.(2) Atorvastatin can maintain the stability of blood lipids during Short-term hypothyroidism.
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Objective To study the appearance of MR diffusion weighted imaging in early stages of cartilage degeneration and to detect its values. Methods In 20 goat left knees, intra- articular injection of 5 units of papain was performed causing a loss of cartilage proteoglycan. Twenty right knees were used as control group. MR diffusion weighted imaging was performed at 24 hours after intra-articular injection of papain. ADC of each part of articular cartilage was measured and compared with each other. The proteoglycan content was measured biochemically and histochemicaUy. Routine MRI and DWI were performed in 100 patients with osteoarthritis and 20 healthy people. The ADC of each interested part of articular cartilage was measured and compared with each other. Results In experimental control group, the ADCav of articular cartilage was (14.2±2.3)×10-4 mm2/s. In early stages of cartilage degeneration group, the ADCav of articular cartilage was (17.5±4.2) × 10-4 mm2/s. The ADCav of the control group was lower than that of the early stages of cartilage degeneration group (t = 2.709 ; P = 0.016) . The proteloglyean content of articular cartilage was 4.22×10<'6> μg/kg in control group, and 0.82×10<'6>μg/kg in experimental group at 24 hours after injection of papain. The difference between control group and experimental group was significant (t = 2.705, P = 0.018). In healthy people, the ADCav of articular cartilage was (7.6±2. 2) × 10-4 mm2/s. In osteoarthritis group, the ADCav of articular cartilage was (10.3±4. 2) × 10-4 mm2/s. The ADCav in the healthy group was significantly lower than that in the osteoarthritis group (t = 2.609, P = 0.014). Conclusion DWI is an useful method in detecting early stages of cartilage degeneration which can not be showed on routine sequences.
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Bone cells live in an environment heavily influenced by mechanical force. The development of bone tissue is dependent on the environment that surrounds it, both in vivo and in vitro. A loading stimulator on research of bone tissue-engineering was developed based on the mechanism of mechanosensation, scaffolding composites with mechanical strains with more physiologic magnitude, frequency components, and waveform. It also achieves the mechanical environment particularly in hard scaffold enough strong like cancellous bone. The device was tested using a reference scaffold made of better elastic plastic material. The experiment results showed that the device could be used in precision strain controls. Since the drive of the stimulator comes from the usage of smart material, piezoceramics, the strain at physiological level is controlled precisely. The stimulator provides a mechanical condition under which the effects of loading applied on bone tissue-engineering culture are conveniently investigated. Furthermore, after the stimulator is improved, it will be an appropriate bioreactor for bone tissue-engineering culture.
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Humans , Bioreactors , Bone and Bones , Cell Biology , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Mechanotransduction, Cellular , Osteoblasts , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Stress, Mechanical , Tissue Engineering , Methods , Tissue ScaffoldsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of experimental varicocele on mitochondria calcium and cytochrome C of the epididymal cells in adolescent rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly: varicocele group (VG) and sham operation group (SOG) by partial ligation or exposure of the left renal vein. Bilateral epididymides were removed after ten</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The content of mitochondria weeks. Mitochondria calcium and cytochrome C levels of the epididymal cells were detected. calcium decreased (P < 0.001 ) while that of cytochrome C increased (P < 0.05) markedly in the experimental group compared with SOG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Calcium dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial damage of the epididymal cells caused by varicocele may play an important role in leading to subfertility.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Calcium , Metabolism , Cytochromes c , Epididymis , Metabolism , Infertility, Male , Mitochondria , Metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Varicocele , MetabolismABSTRACT
In this study, 116 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were followed up for 3 years. The results showed that the incidences from diabetes and coronary heart disease in acarbose treatment group were less than those in the control group.